IPH - Hour 3 - Routes or Administration
Other Routes



Drugs may also be absorbed through the skin, the mucous membranes, and the respiratory tract. They may be applied to any body orifice, to the ears, nose, eyes, and mouth.


Sublingual. The tablet or gel is placed under the tongue and is dissolved by the saliva. The medication is then absorbed through the oral mucosa.


Buccal. The tablet or gel is placed between the gumline and the outer cheek. The medication dissolves there and is then absorbed through the oral mucosa.


Opthalmic. Drugs that are applied to the eyes. These include eye drops and ointments.


Otic. Drugs that are applied to the ear or into the outer ear canal. These also include drops and ointments.


Rectal. Drugs that are applied to the anus or into the rectum. These also include suppositories and enemas. Suppositories have a soft solid base that melt at body temperature.


Vaginal. Drugs that are applied into the vagina. Vaginal medications include creams, suppositories and douches.


Bladder. Drugs that are applied into the bladder. Bladder applications can be a one time application or a continuous irrigation.


Topical. The drug that is applied to the skin for a local effect. Forms include creams, salves, gels, lotions, and ointments. A topical medication order must always include the site.


Transdermal. These drugs are slowly absorbed through the skin using a patch.




Administering Topical and Transdermal Medications




Inhalants. Drugs that are absorbed in the respiratory tract. Respiratory drugs can be given with a spray, a canistor or measured dose inhalant (MDI) or a nebulizer.







Review Content

Other Routes of Administration